Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition that causes pain and disability for many, especially as we age.1 While there's no magic bullet, people often look for ways to manage the pain, and collagen supplements have become a popular option.1 But do they actually work? Let's dive into what the research says.
Collagen is a vital protein in our bodies, making up a large part of our cartilage – the cushion between our joints.4 In osteoarthritis, this cartilage breaks down, leading to pain and stiffness.1 The idea behind collagen supplements is to provide the body with the building blocks it needs to repair or slow down this damage.
Several studies have explored whether taking collagen supplements can help with knee OA pain. Here's a look at some of the key findings:
Significant Pain Reduction: A large review of 11 studies, involving over 800 participants, found that oral collagen supplements led to a significant improvement in pain scores for people with knee OA.1 Another similar analysis also showed that collagen helped reduce knee pain.8
Improved Function: These studies also indicated that collagen supplementation can improve the ability to perform daily activities for those with knee OA.1
Clinically Meaningful Relief: Importantly, the pain reduction seen in some studies was not just statistically significant, but also considered clinically meaningful, meaning patients noticed a real difference.1 In fact, some individuals experienced a decrease in pain that exceeded what's considered a noticeable improvement.1
Different Types of Collagen May Help: Research has looked at various forms of collagen, including hydrolyzed collagen (collagen peptides) and undenatured collagen.8 Hydrolyzed collagen, which is broken down into smaller pieces for easier absorption 10, has shown promise in relieving pain.9
Dosage Matters: Studies have used different dosages of collagen, typically ranging from 2.5 grams to 15 grams per day.4 One study found that 10 grams of collagen hydrolysate daily for six months significantly improved knee joint comfort.14
It's thought that when you take collagen orally, especially in the hydrolyzed form, it gets absorbed into the bloodstream.10 These smaller collagen pieces (peptides) can then reach the cartilage and potentially stimulate the body to produce more of its own collagen, which is essential for healthy joints.14 Some types of collagen may also have protective effects on existing cartilage.17
While the research looks promising, it's important to keep a few things in mind:
Not a Replacement for Traditional Treatments: Collagen supplements should be considered a complementary approach and not a substitute for established treatments for knee OA, which can include exercise, physical therapy, and medications.18
Quality of Research Varies: Some reviews have noted that while many studies show positive results, the quality of the research can vary, so more high-quality studies are needed.3
Individual Results May Differ: What works for one person may not work for another. Factors like the severity of your OA and your overall health can play a role.
Safety: Collagen supplementation is generally considered safe for most people, but some mild side effects like digestive issues have been reported.23 If you have allergies, especially to fish, be sure to check the source of the collagen.24
The current research suggests that oral collagen supplementation, particularly hydrolyzed collagen, may be a helpful tool in managing the pain and functional limitations associated with knee osteoarthritis.1 If you're considering trying collagen for your knee OA pain, it's always best to talk to your doctor or a healthcare professional to discuss if it's right for you and what dosage might be appropriate. They can help you make an informed decision as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Effect of collagen supplementation on knee osteoarthritis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials | Request PDF - ResearchGate, accessed April 5, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383579218_Effect_of_collagen_supplementation_on_knee_osteoarthritis_an_updated_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomised_controlled_trials
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Effect of supplementation with type 1 and type 3 collagen peptide and type 2 hydrolyzed collagen on osteoarthritis-related pain, quality of life, and physical function: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study | 2025, Volume 36 - Joint Diseases and Related Surgery, accessed April 5, 2025, https://www.jointdrs.org/full-text/1642
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Bioavailability and Bioavailable Forms of Collagen after Oral Administration to Rats | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry - ACS Publications, accessed April 5, 2025, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf5057502
A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of a food ingredient, collagen hydrolysate, for improving joint comfort - ResearchGate, accessed April 5, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24003895_A_randomized_controlled_trial_on_the_efficacy_and_safety_of_a_food_ingredient_collagen_hydrolysate_for_improving_joint_comfort
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